September 1 in history — What Happened Today in History

World War II: Germany and Slovakia invade Poland, beginning the European phase of World War II.

J. Robert Oppenheimer and his student Hartland Snyder publish the Oppenheimer–Snyder model, proving for the first time in contemporary physics how black holes could develop.

The Great Kantō Earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing about 105,000 people.

Los Solidarios rob a branch of the Bank of Spain in Xixón, stealing more than half a million pesetas to fund the purchase of rifles to fight the coming 1923 Spanish coup d'état.

The Tremont Street Subway in Boston opens, becoming the first underground rapid transit system in North America.

Over 400 people die in the Great Hinckley Fire, a forest fire in Hinckley, Minnesota.

The army of Mohammad Ayub Khan is routed by the British at the Battle of Kandahar, ending the Second Anglo-Afghan War.

Emma Nutt becomes the world's first female telephone operator when she is recruited by Alexander Graham Bell to the Boston Telephone Dispatch Company.

Cetshwayo ascends to the throne as king of the Zulu nation following the death of his father Mpande.

Franco-Prussian War: The Battle of Sedan is fought, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory.

American Civil War: The Battle of Jonesborough, alongside the overall Atlanta campaign, culminates in a Union victory for General William T. Sherman as Confederate General John Bell Hood orders the evacuation of Atlanta.

American Civil War: Confederate forces under General Stonewall Jackson inflict heavy casualties in the Battle of Chantilly during the Union withdrawal from the Northern Virginia campaign.

Carrington Event started - the most intense geomagnetic storm in recorded history.

Saint Andrew's Scots School, the oldest school of British origin in South America, is established.

Narcissa Whitman, one of the first English-speaking white women to settle west of the Rocky Mountains, arrives at Walla Walla, Washington.

The Order of St. Gregory the Great is established by Pope Gregory XVI of the Vatican State to recognize high support for the Vatican or for the Pope, by a man or a woman, and not necessarily a Roman Catholic.

3 Juno, one of the largest asteroids in the Main Belt, is discovered by the German astronomer Karl Ludwig Harding.

Massachusetts Bay colonists rise up in the bloodless Powder Alarm.

The Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa is founded in San Luis Obispo, California.

Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia, endorses Ivan Betskoy's plans for a Foundling Home in Moscow.

At the age of five, Louis XV becomes king of France in succession to his great-grandfather, King Louis XIV.

English Civil War: Scottish Covenanter forces abandon their month-long Siege of Hereford, a Cavalier stronghold, on news of Royalist victories in Scotland.

Battle of Tippermuir: James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose defeats the Earl of Wemyss's Covenanters, reviving the Royalist cause.

Claudio Monteverdi's musical work Vespro della Beata Vergine (Vespers for the Blessed Virgin) is first published, printed in Venice and dedicated to Pope Paul V.

Adi Granth, now known as Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhs, is first installed at Harmandir Sahib.

Lady Anne Boleyn is made Marquess of Pembroke by her fiancé, King Henry VIII of England.

The Spanish fort of Sancti Spiritu, the first one built in modern Argentina, is destroyed by indigenous people.

Nathan MacKinnon, Canadian ice hockey player

Anna Smolina, Russian tennis player

Carlos Sainz Jr., Spanish racing driver

Mario Lemina, Gabonese footballer

Cristiano Biraghi, Italian footballer

Kirani James, Grenadian sprinter

Tomáš Nosek, Czech ice hockey player

Woo Hye-lim, South Korean singer-songwriter

Rhys Bennett, English footballer

Aisling Loftus, English actress

Stanislav Tecl, Czech footballer

Astrid Besser, Italian tennis player

Bill Kaulitz, German singer and songwriter

Ahmed Abdi Godane, Somali militant leader (born 1977)

Roger McKee, American baseball player (born 1926)

Joseph Shivers, American chemist and academic, developed spandex (born 1920)

Ignacio Eizaguirre, Spanish footballer and manager (born 1920)

Tommy Morrison, American boxer and actor (born 1969)

Gordon Steege, Australian soldier (born 1917)

Margaret Mary Vojtko, American linguist and academic (born 1930)

Ken Wallis, English commander and pilot (born 1916)

Sean Bergin, South African saxophonist, flute player, and composer (born 1948)

Hal David, American songwriter and composer (born 1921)

Smarck Michel, Haitian businessman and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Haiti (born 1937)

William Petzäll, Swedish politician (born 1988)

Arnaldo Putzu, Italian illustrator (born 1927)