July 25 in history — What Happened Today in History

Black July: Thirty-seven Tamil political prisoners at the Welikada high security prison in Colombo are massacred by the fellow Sinhalese prisoners.

In accord with the Egypt–Israel peace treaty, Israel begins its withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula.

Puerto Rican police shoot two nationalists in the Cerro Maravilla murders.

Birth of Louise Joy Brown, the first human to have been born after conception by in vitro fertilisation, or IVF.

Viking program: Viking 1 takes the famous Face on Mars photo.

Soviet Mars 5 space probe is launched.

The Sohagpur massacre is perpetrated by the Pakistan Army.

Vietnam War: U.S. President Richard Nixon declares the Nixon Doctrine, stating that the United States now expects its Asian allies to take care of their own military defense. This is the start of the "Vietnamization" of the war.

Bob Dylan goes electric at the Newport Folk Festival, signaling a major change in folk and rock music.

Cold War: In a speech John F. Kennedy emphasizes that any attack on Berlin is an attack on NATO.

The African Regroupment Party holds its first congress in Cotonou.

The Tunisian King Muhammad VIII al-Amin is replaced by President Habib Bourguiba.

Forty-five miles south of Nantucket Island, the Italian ocean liner SS Andrea Doria collides with the MS Stockholm in heavy fog and sinks the next day, killing 51.

The Crossroads Baker device is the first underwater nuclear weapon test.

World War II: Operation Spring near Caen is one of the bloodiest days for the First Canadian Army during the war.

World War II: Benito Mussolini is forced out of office by the King (encouraged by the Grand Council of Fascism) and is replaced by Pietro Badoglio.

World War II: 136 Greek civilians are murdered by soldiers of the German 1st Mountain Division in the village of Mousiotitsa, Greece.

The Norwegian Manifesto calls for nonviolent resistance to the German occupation.

General Henri Guisan orders the Swiss Army to resist German invasion and makes surrender illegal.

The Nazis assassinate Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss in a failed coup attempt.

Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) is established.

Sir Robert Borden introduces the first income tax in Canada as a "temporary" measure (lowest bracket is 4% and highest is 25%).

The British capture Nasiriyah from the Ottomans during the Mesopotamian campaign.

RFC Captain Lanoe Hawker becomes the first British pursuit aviator to earn the Victoria Cross.

Louis Blériot makes the first flight across the English Channel in a heavier-than-air machine from Calais to Dover, England, United Kingdom in 37 minutes.

Begin of the Tragic Week in Barcelona in response to troop mobilisations for the Rif War.

Ajinomoto is founded. Kikunae Ikeda of the Tokyo Imperial University discovers that a key ingredient in kombu soup stock is monosodium glutamate (MSG), and patents a process for manufacturing it.

Spanish–American War: The American invasion of Spanish-held Puerto Rico begins, as United States Army troops under General Nelson A. Miles land and secure the port at Guánica.

Andrei Vasilevskiy, Russian ice hockey player

Mathew Dumba, Canadian ice hockey player

Sergei Simonov, Russian ice hockey player (died 2016)

Jordan Martinook, Canadian ice hockey player

Toni Duggan, English footballer

Hasan Piker, American Twitch streamer

Thodoris Karapetsas, Greek footballer

Natalia Vieru, Russian basketball player

Sarah Geronimo, Filipino singer and actress

John Goossens, Dutch footballer

Tom Hiariej, Dutch footballer

Stacey Kemp, English skater

Paulinho, Brazilian footballer

Jacques Andreani, French diplomat, French ambassador to the United States (born 1929)

R. S. Gavai, Indian lawyer and politician, 18th Governor of Kerala (born 1929)

Bob Kauffman, American basketball player and coach (born 1946)

Bel Kaufman, German-American author and academic (born 1911)

Richard Larter, Australian painter and illustrator (born 1929)

Walter De Maria, American sculptor, illustrator, and composer (born 1935)

William J. Guste, American lawyer and politician (born 1922)

Hugh Huxley, English-American biologist and academic (born 1924)

B. R. Ishara, Indian director and screenwriter (born 1934)

Barry Langford, English director and producer (born 1926)

Greg Mohns, American-Canadian football player and coach (born 1950)

Franz West, Austrian painter and sculptor (born 1947)

Michael Cacoyannis, Cypriot-Greek director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1922)