January 30 in history — What Happened Today in History

The Troubles: Bloody Sunday: British paratroopers open fire on anti-internment marchers in Derry, Northern Ireland, killing 13 people; another person later dies of injuries sustained.

Pakistan leaves the Commonwealth of Nations in protest of its recognition of breakaway Bangladesh.

The Beatles' last public performance, on the roof of Apple Records in London. The impromptu concert is broken up by the police.

Vietnam War: Tet Offensive launch by forces of the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army against South Vietnam, the United States, and their allies.

In a bloodless coup, General Nguyễn Khánh overthrows General Dương Văn Minh's military junta in South Vietnam.

The African National Party is founded in Chad, through the merger of traditionalist parties.

The forces of the Sultanate of Muscat occupy the last strongholds of the Imamate of Oman, Saiq and Shuraijah, marking the end of Jebel Akhdar War in Oman.

MS Hans Hedtoft, specifically designed to operate in icebound seas, strikes an iceberg on her maiden voyage and sinks, killing all 95 aboard.

In the United States, Civil Rights Movement leader Martin Luther King Jr.'s home is bombed in retaliation for the Montgomery bus boycott.

British South American Airways' Tudor IV Star Tiger disappears over the Bermuda Triangle.

Following the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi in his home compound, India's prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, broadcasts to the nation, saying "The light has gone out of our lives". The date of the assassination becomes observed as "Martyrs' Day" in India.

World War II: The Wilhelm Gustloff, overfilled with German refugees, sinks in the Baltic Sea after being torpedoed by a Soviet submarine, killing approximately 9,500 people.

World War II: Raid at Cabanatuan: One hundred and twenty-six American Rangers and Filipino resistance fighters liberate over 500 Allied prisoners from the Japanese-controlled Cabanatuan POW camp.

World War II: The Battle of Cisterna, part of Operation Shingle, begins in central Italy.

World War II: Japanese forces invade the island of Ambon in the Dutch East Indies. Some 300 captured Allied troops are killed after the surrender. One-quarter of the remaining POWs remain alive at the end of the war.

During a speech in the Reichstag, Adolf Hitler makes a prediction about the end of the Jewish race in Europe if another world war were to occur.

Adolf Hitler's rise to power: Hitler takes office as the Chancellor of Germany.

The Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union orders the confiscation of lands belonging to the Kulaks in a campaign of Dekulakization, resulting in the executions and forced deportations of millions.

The Government of Turkey expels Patriarch Constantine VI from Istanbul.

Japanese carmaker Mazda is founded, initially as a cork-producing company.

The destroyer USS Terry makes the first airplane rescue at sea saving the life of Douglas McCurdy 16 kilometres (10 miles) from Havana, Cuba.

Indian pacifist and leader Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is released from prison by Jan C. Smuts after being tried and sentenced to two months in jail earlier in the month.

The first Anglo-Japanese Alliance is signed in London.

Archduke Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian crown, is found dead with his mistress Baroness Mary Vetsera in the Mayerling.

American Civil War: The first American ironclad warship, the USS Monitor is launched.

The first Hallé concert is given in Manchester, England, marking the official founding of The Hallé orchestra as a full-time, professional orchestra.

Yerba Buena, California is renamed San Francisco, California.

In the first assassination attempt against a President of the United States, Richard Lawrence attempts to shoot president Andrew Jackson, but fails and is subdued by a crowd, including several congressmen as well as Jackson himself.

Jack Laugher, English diver

Marcos Llorente, Spanish footballer

Amelia Dimoldenberg, English comedian, writer and presenter

Katy Marchant, English track cyclist

Kodai Senga, Japanese baseball player

Thitipoom Techaapaikhun, Thai actor

Stefan Elliott, Canadian ice hockey player

Jason Gastrow, American YouTuber

Melissa Duncan, Australian track and field athlete

Eiza González, Mexican actress and singer

Luca Sbisa, Italian-Swiss ice hockey player and coach

Mitchell Starc, Australian cricketer

Jake Thomas, American actor

Frank Finlay, English actor (born 1926)

Francisco Flores Pérez, Salvadorian politician, President of El Salvador (born 1959)

Georgia Davis Powers, American activist and politician (born 1923)

Gaston Mialaret, French pedagogist and professor (born 1918)

Carl Djerassi, Austrian-American chemist, author, and playwright (born 1923)

Ülo Kaevats, Estonian academic, philosopher, and politician (born 1947)

Geraldine McEwan, English actress (born 1932)

Gerrit Voorting, Dutch cyclist (born 1923)

Zhelyu Zhelev, Bulgarian philosopher and politician, 2nd President of Bulgaria (born 1935)

Stefan Bałuk, Polish general and photographer (born 1914)

The Mighty Hannibal, American singer-songwriter and producer (born 1939)

Russell D. Hemenway, American political activist (born 1925)

William Motzing, American composer and conductor (born 1937)